Photo: Ron Lach

What twin runs in families?

fraternal Non-identical (fraternal) twins tend to run in families. But identical twins don't. Non-identical twins are the result of two separate eggs being fertilised by two separate sperm. There is a gene that makes a woman more likely to release two or more eggs during ovulation, and it's this gene that runs in families.

babycentre.co.uk - Is it true that having twins runs in families? - BabyCentre UK

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Are all twins genetic?

(Twins Trust 2021)

(Mbarek et al 2016)

(Medline Plus 2022)

(van Dongen et al 2021)

(Liu et al 2018, Medline Plus 2022, van Dongen et al 2021)

(Grucza 2022, Medline Plus 2022, NHS 2022)

Do twins skip a generation?

(Grucza 2022)

(Chasen 2022)

My six-word conception story Animated stories telling where, when, and even how the children of BabyCentre parents were conceived – using only six words! More preconception videos

What else causes twins?

(Mbarek et al 2016)

(NHS 2022)

(NICE 2013)

(NICE 2013, Twins Trust 2021)

(Chen et al 2022, HFEA 2021, NICE 2013, Yeaton-Massey et al 2021)

(NICE 2013)

(Yeaton-Massey et al 2021)

References Chasen ST. 2022. Twin pregnancy: overview UpToDate. www.uptodate.com [Accessed October 2022]

Chen P, Hu KL, Jin J, et al. 2022. Risk factors for twin pregnancy in women undergoing double cleavage embryo transfer. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 22, 264. bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com [Accessed October 2022] Grucza A. 2022. Do twins run in families? What to know about the heredity of twins. WedMD. www.webmd.com [Accessed October 2022] HFEA. 2021. Fertility treatment in 2019: trends and figures. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. www.hfea.gov.uk [Accessed October 2022] Liu S, Hong Y, Cui K, et al. 2018. Four-generation pedigree of monozygotic female twins reveals genetic factors in twinning process by whole-genome sequencing. Twin Research and Human Genetics 21(5): 361-368. www.cambridge.org [Accessed October 2022] Mbarek H, Steinberg S, Nyholt DR, et al. 2016. Identification of common genetic variants influencing spontaneous dizygotic twinning and female fertility. Am J Hum Genet 98(5):898-908. www.cell.com [Accessed October 2022] Medline Plus. 2022. Is the probability of having twins determined by genetics? medlineplus.gov [Accessed October 2022]

NHS. 2022. Pregnant with twins. NHS, Pregnancy. www.nhs.uk [Accessed October 2022]

NICE. 2013. Fertility problems: assessment and treatment. Last updated September 2017. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Guideline 156. www.nice.org.uk [Accessed October 2022] Twins Trust. 2021 Expecting twins, triplets or more? The healthy multiple pregnancy guide. twinstrust.org [Accessed October 2022] van Dongen J, Gordon SD, McRae AF et al. 2021. Identical twins carry a persistent epigenetic signature of early genome programming. Nat Commun 12, 5618. www.nature.com [Accessed October 2022] Yeaton-Massey A, Sparks TN, Norton ME, et al. 2021. Twin chorionicity and zygosity both vary with maternal age. Prenat Daign 41(9): 1074-9. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Accessed October 2022] Yes, some types of twins run in families. Non-identical (fraternal) twins tend to be hereditary. Some people inherit a gene that causes more than one egg to be released during ovulation , increasing the likelihood of multiples being conceived. This can make for lots of twins down the generations!While non-identical twins may be genetic, identical twins usually aren't. However, our genes are complex, so there's more to it than that.Non-identical twins grow from two separate eggs that are fertilised by two separate sperm. It may be in your genes to produce more follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during your menstrual cycle . This may trigger the release of two or more eggs during ovulation. If you're pregnant, you're about twice as likely than average to be expecting twins if you're a non-identical twin, or have siblings who are non-identical twins Identical twins usually don't run in families. Identical twins are the result of a single fertilised egg splitting, and mostly this seems to be down to chanceHowever, rarely, families have an unusually high number of identical twins. This suggests that genes, or something about how genes work (epigenetics), may play a role. Epigenetics experts don't yet know exactly how or why this happens. It's more normal for people to have the same random chance of having identical twinsThere's no evidence to support this. However, it may appear to be the case in some families where the non-identical twin gene is passed down.Here's why. A dad who's one of a twin may inherit the gene, but it won't increase his chances of having twins too, because the gene only affects ovulation. The same dad may pass on the gene to his daughter, who then goes on to get pregnant with twins, making it look like twins have skipped a generation. In fact, all that's happened is the same gene has been expressed only through people who ovulate in the family.Your heritage can have an influence. For example, non-identical twins are most common in people of Nigerian origin, and least common in people of Japanese originAside from inheritance, age plays a big role. If you're over 35 and menstruating, your body may produce more FSH during each monthly cycle. This could trigger your ovaries to release several eggs at onceThe use of some fertility treatments also increases the likelihood of twins. Treatments that stimulate the ovaries to release eggs , or involve two or more embryos being transferred to the womb (uterus), increase the chance of multiple birthsThat's why it's recommended you have just one embryo transferred to your womb if you're under the age of 39 and trying to get pregnant via fertility treatment. However, this isn't always a guarantee that a twin pregnancy won't result. New evidence suggests that IVF itself may increase the rate of identical twins, though it's not fully understood whyFind out how to tell if you could be pregnant with twins

babycentre.co.uk - Is it true that having twins runs in families? - BabyCentre UK

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