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What indicates low IQ?

In many cases, an IQ test score that falls below 70 is considered low IQ, while a score of above 140 indicates high IQ. In the past, scores below 70 were used as a marker to identify intellectual disabilities.

verywellmind.com - What Is an IQ Test? - Verywell Mind

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IQ Classifications IQ Level Descriptive Classification 130+ Very Superior 120 to 129 Superior 110 to 119 High Average 90 to 109 Average 80 to 89 Low Average 70 to 79 Borderline 69 & below Intellectual Disability These classifications come from the Wechsler series of IQ tests for children and adults. Intelligence test scores typically follow what is known as a normal distribution, or a bell-shaped curve in which most scores lie near or around the average IQ test score. For example, the majority of scores (about 68%) on the Wechsler IQ tests tend to lie between plus 15 or minus 15 points from the average score of 100. This means that approximately 68% of people who take this IQ test will score somewhere between 85 and 115. As you look further toward the extreme ends of the distribution, scores tend to become less common. In many cases, an IQ test score that falls below 70 is considered low IQ, while a score of above 140 indicates high IQ. In the past, scores below 70 were used as a marker to identify intellectual disabilities. Today, test scores alone are not enough to diagnose an intellectual disability as diagnosticians also consider factors such as the age of onset and adaptive skills. How common are very high IQ test scores? Very few individuals (approximately 0.2%) receive a score of more than 145 (indicating a very high IQ) or less than 55 (indicating a very low IQ) on an IQ test.

How to Interpret Your IQ Test Score

To understand what your IQ test score really means, it can be helpful to know how these tests are designed and how your score compares to others. Your score on an IQ test can tell you how you compare to others in your peer group regarding:

Language skills

Mathematical abilities

Memory

Processing speed

Reasoning abilities

Visual-spatial processing

To adequately assess and interpret IQ test scores, scientists who develop these tests use a process known as standardization. This involves administering the test to a representative sample of the population that will eventually take the test. This initial sample represents the total population as accurately as possible and reflects many of the things that are present in the general population. This allows IQ test developers to establish norms or standards by which individual scores can be compared.

Potential Pitfalls of IQ Tests

IQ testing has been controversial throughout history for a few reasons, including:

Discrimination : IQ tests have been used to justify eugenicist movements and discrimination against minority groups and disabled individuals. : IQ tests have been used to justify eugenicist movements and discrimination against minority groups and disabled individuals. Validity : Not all experts agree on a standard definition of intelligence, so not all IQ tests measure the same things. : Not all experts agree on a standard definition of intelligence, so not all IQ tests measure the same things. Reliability: There is also the question of how reliable these tests are. Reliable IQ tests should provide consistent results. Put another way, people should score roughly the same each time they take the test.

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While higher IQ test scores are linked to increased health, academic performance, and overall well-being, these scores do not necessarily predict an individual's success in life. It is important to remember that IQ tests are only one measure of intelligence.

Factors Affecting IQ Test Scores

Many factors can influence IQ and scores can change over time. Some of the factors that can impact a person's IQ test score include:

Educational access and background

Nutrition

Culture

Environment

Overall health and medical conditions

Many experts believe that other important elements contribute to intelligence, including social and emotional factors. Some experts even suggest that these social and emotional skills actually matter more than IQ when it comes to determining success in life.

History of IQ Tests

French psychologist Alfred Binet was the first to develop a formal test of intelligence and a form of his original IQ test is still in use today as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test. Later, psychologist Charles Spearman developed a concept of general intelligence, or general mental ability to perform a wide variety of cognitive tasks. Psychologist Robert Yerkes developed IQ tests for the U.S. Army during World War I to test army recruits. During the 1950s, David Wechsler developed IQ tests for use with children and adults. These tests remain popular today.

Where to Find an IQ Test

If you want to take a formal IQ test, a licensed psychologist can provide this service for you. This mental health professional is trained to administer and supervise IQ tests, also ensuring that the test used is valid and reliable. Several online sites also offer free IQ tests if you're more interested in knowing how you score but don't need a formal test. When selecting a free IQ test provider, it can be helpful to choose an organization that is reputable in the field of intelligence. For example, Mensa International offers a free online IQ test.

A Word From Verywell

While IQ test scores can reveal information about an individual's abilities in certain domains, it is important to remember that other factors—including such things as adaptive skills, emotional intelligence, and task performance—are also important indicators of an individual's capabilities.

verywellmind.com - What Is an IQ Test? - Verywell Mind

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