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What age has the best memory?

Our ability to remember new information peaks in our 20s, and then starts to decline noticeably from our 50s or 60s. Because the hippocampus is one brain region that continues producing new neurons into adulthood, it plays an important role in memory and learning.

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As we age, our ability to learn and remember changes. Due, for example, to ‘infantile amnesia’, most of us can’t remember anything about being a toddler. We don’t know why. The memories might still be there but not easily accessible. Or it could be that the circuits holding those earliest memories are overwritten when new brain cells are produced and integrated. Around adolescence, our prefrontal cortex – which controls planning, decision-making and working memory – develops significantly. Our ability to plan for the future improves and we can process more information when deciding between different options. Our ability to remember new information peaks in our 20s, and then starts to decline noticeably from our 50s or 60s. Because the hippocampus is one brain region that continues producing new neurons into adulthood, it plays an important role in memory and learning. The section called the dentate gyrus is where the new neurons are created. Many are produced during childhood, but activity in the dentate gyrus slows down as we age. The reason for memory decline isn’t known but may involve this decreased rate of neurogenesis. Dementia, which is experienced by 10 per cent of people older than 65, occurs when abnormal proteins accumulate inside and around neurons. These proteins are thought to affect our memories by killing the synapses and ultimately the neurons that hold memories together. A key to slowing decline may lie in exercising not only the brain, but also the body.

Exercise, ageing and cognitive decline

There’s no escaping it: cognitive function declines with age. But it’s not all bad news. An important key to slowing decline may lie in exercising not only the brain, but also the body. QBI’s Professor Perry Bartlett was one of the first people to discover that the adult brain contains stem cells capable of making new neurons, a process called neurogenesis. As the brain ages, these stem cells lose their ability to produce new neurons, causing cognitive function to decline. Ground-breaking research by Prof Bartlett and Dr Daniel Blackmore recently identified that exercise is able to increase production of new brain cells and improve learning and memory. They are now heading up a clinical trial monitoring 300 people aged 65 and older to identify the right amount, intensity and type of exercise that leads to cognitive improvement in the ageing brain. “This will be the most comprehensive analysis yet of why exercise is beneficial,” Prof Bartlett explains. “Ultimately, we would hope to have clear public health guidelines as to how exercise can both prevent and reverse dementia.”

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Who is the happiest person on earth?

Matthieu Ricard What turns a devout scientist into Buddhist monk? Born in France in 1946, Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk who left a career in cellular genetics to study Buddhism and live a largely monastic life in the Himalayas over 45 years ago.

What turns a devout scientist into Buddhist monk?

Born in France in 1946, Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk who left a career in cellular genetics to study Buddhism and live a largely monastic life in the Himalayas over 45 years ago. Sharing his insights, Ricard has since become an international best-selling author and a prominent speaker on the world stage, celebrated at the World Economic Forum at Davos, the NGH forums at the United Nations, and at TED where his talks on happiness and altruism has been viewed by over six million people. His books have been translated into over twenty languages, and his newest is, Beyond the Self: A conversation between Neuroscience and Buddhism. Ricard was lightly dubbed “the happiest man alive,” after neuroscientists at the University of Wisconsin scanned his brain during meditation and found the highest capacity for happiness ever recorded. As a trained scientist and Buddhist monk, he is uniquely positioned in the dialogue between East and West. He is an active participant in the current scientific research on the effects of meditation on the brain. He lives in Nepal and devotes all the proceedings of his books and activities to 200 humanitarian projects in Tibet, India, and Nepal.

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