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Do penguins have teeth?

They have a bill and a tongue, but no teeth. First of all, penguins have a beak, with a pointy end to help them to grab their food, typically fish. The other outstanding feature of their mouth is the spikes on their tongues and the rooves of their mouths, that look like stalagmites and stalactites in a cave.

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Bite-sized fun facts about penguins’ mouths

20th January 2021 | Posted by: Vanessa Giraud

January 20th is usually a suitably chilly day in the northern hemisphere for us to think about those natives of the southern hemisphere – penguins. Although not all penguins live in the Antarctic, and some live in much warmer waters, some species are endangered. On penguin awareness day, the focus is on protecting their food sources and habitats from the effects of human population growth and global heating.

Surprising penguins

We’re definitely attracted to penguins. They’re in films and cartoons, they’re soft toys and pictures in our homes. They’re so unexpected, somehow. When we think of penguins as flightless birds, they begin to make a bit more sense. After all, they do have feathers. Another thing they have in common with birds is that they don’t have teeth.

Can you name two other flightless birds?*

So what’s in a penguin’s mouth?

They have a bill and a tongue, but no teeth.

First of all, penguins have a beak, with a pointy end to help them to grab their food, typically fish. The other outstanding feature of their mouth is the spikes on their tongues and the rooves of their mouths, that look like stalagmites and stalactites in a cave. These help prevent the fish from slipping back out of their mouth. These spikes are actually similar to the papillae we have on our own tongues, though, thankfully, ours are a lot shorter. Because the penguins’ papillae all point backwards into their throat, the fish can only move in one direction – into the penguins digestive tract.

A penguins’ mouth, therefore, is well designed for eating fish.

No teeth at all then?

Before they hatch, penguins do have something called an egg-tooth. This is a handy addition to their beak that helps them break out through the shell of their egg. Birds have this, so do turtles, crocodiles and even spiders!

Why don’t penguin have teeth?

Given that birds are descended from dinosaurs and dinosaurs had teeth, shouldn’t birds have teeth?

The school of thought is that teeth are too heavy. Bird evolution is all about adaptation to flight, and teeth could interfere with aerodynamic weight distribution.

So where does that leave the penguin who’ll never make it into the sky?

Gracefully swimming through the oceans with hydrodynamic ease.

*Other flightless birds include: kiwi, cassowary, ostrich, emu, rhea and more.

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The survey concluded that parents tend to favour their youngest child over the elder. More than half of the parents quizzed said they preferred their youngest child, while only 26 per cent said that their favourite child was their eldest.

Most parents would claim that they do not have a favourite child, but a new study – conducted by more than 1,000 parents across websites Mumsnet and Gransnet– begs to differ. The survey concluded that parents tend to favour their youngest child over the elder. More than half of the parents quizzed said they preferred their youngest child, while only 26 per cent said that their favourite child was their eldest. 61 per cent of those who favoured the youngest said it was because the elder children are “tricky or demanding”. However, this survey does not coincide with another from the University of California in 2016, which stated that most parents favour their first born. These results came from analysing how the parents treated the two siblings differently, rather than from asking them who was their favourite. “Favouritism is one of the last taboos and can provoke a lot of guilt, so it’s important to say that feeling a great affinity for a particularly child – often, whichever one is willing to put their shoes on – is fairly common, and doesn’t have to be disastrous,” Justine Roberts, founder of Gransnet (Mumsnet’s sister site) said. “The distilled Mumsnet wisdown on this issue is that lots of parents like their children differently: the crucial thing is to love them all wholly.”

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