Do girls score better than boys?

Research from the University of Georgia and Columbia University suggests that classroom behaviour of girls may lead teachers to assign them higher grades than their male counterparts.

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Girls get better grades in elementary school than boys because of their eagerness to learn and attentive behaviour in classrooms, a new study has claimed. Research from the University of Georgia and Columbia University suggests that classroom behaviour of girls may lead teachers to assign them higher grades than their male counterparts. “The skill that matters the most in regards to how teachers graded their students is what we refer to as ’approaches toward learning,’” said Christopher Cornwell, one of the study’s authors. “You can think of ‘approaches to learning’ as a rough measure of what a child’s attitude toward school is: It includes six items that rate the child’s attentiveness, task persistence, eagerness to learn, learning independence, flexibility and organisation. I think that anybody who’s a parent of boys and girls can tell you that girls are more of all of that,” Cornwell said in a statement. The study analysed data on more than 5,800 students from kindergarten through fifth grade. It examined students’ performance on standardised tests in three categories — reading, math and science — linking test scores to teachers’ assessments of their students’ progress, both academically and more broadly. The data showed that gender disparities in teacher grades start early and uniformly favour girls. In every subject area, boys are represented in grade distributions below where their test scores would predict. The authors attribute this misalignment to what they called non-cognitive skills, or “how well each child was engaged in the classroom, how often the child externalised or internalised problems, how often the child lost control and how well the child developed interpersonal skills“. “The trajectory at which kids move through school is often influenced by a teacher’s assessment of their performance, their grades. This affects their ability to enter into advanced classes and other kinds of academic opportunities, even post-secondary opportunities,” Cornwell said. “It’s also typically the grades you earn in school that are weighted the most heavily in college admissions. So if grade disparities emerge this early on, it’s not surprising that by the time these children are ready to go to college, girls will be better positioned,” he said.

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Why is teaching so female dominated?

Until the passage of Title IX in 1972, colleges and universities could legally keep women from enrolling in selected degree fields. Many did. This effectively maintained a pipeline of women towards a few, female-dominated professions, including teaching.

womenshistory.org - Why are So Many Teachers Women? | National Women's History Museum

Teachers Women?

Colleges began enrolling women students in the mid 19th century. The earliest undergraduates anticipated using their degrees to become better wives and mothers. However, a critical need for school teachers arose as public education expanded throughout the country. Women—based on the popular belief that they were more nurturing than men—were seen as the ideal candidates to fill the need. Colleges expanded their teacher training programs and encouraged their female students to enroll at the expense of other majors. Dr. Linda Eisenmann, Provost and Professor of Education and History at Wheaton College, explains. Until the passage of Title IX in 1972, colleges and universities could legally keep women from enrolling in selected degree fields. Many did. This effectively maintained a pipeline of women towards a few, female-dominated professions, including teaching. While today, all major fields are open to women, there remains a distinct gender imbalance in undergraduate majors. In 2014, women earned 80% of the Bachelor's degrees in Education, creating a female-dominated candidate pool for new teaching positions. Women began earning advanced degrees more than 150 years ago, and they were encouraged to use their expanded knowledge as teachers. The legacy of teaching as a woman's profession remains deeply embedded in US culture.