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Can you be born naturally smart?

Like most aspects of human behavior and cognition, intelligence is a complex trait that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

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Intelligence is challenging to study, in part because it can be defined and measured in different ways. Most definitions of intelligence include the ability to learn from experiences and adapt to changing environments. Elements of intelligence include the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, and understand complex ideas. Many studies rely on a measure of intelligence called the intelligence quotient (IQ). Researchers have conducted many studies to look for genes that influence intelligence. Many of these studies have focused on similarities and differences in IQ within families, particularly looking at adopted children and twins. Other studies have examined variations across the entire genomes of many people (an approach called genome-wide association studies or GWAS) to determine whether any specific areas of the genome are associated with IQ. Studies have not conclusively identified any genes that have major roles in differences in intelligence. It is likely that a large number of genes are involved, each of which makes only a small contribution to a person’s intelligence. Other areas that contribute to intelligence, such as memory and verbal ability, involve additional genetic factors. Intelligence is also strongly influenced by the environment. During a child's development, factors that contribute to intelligence include their home environment and parenting, education and availability of learning resources, and healthcare and nutrition. A person’s environment and genes influence each other, and it can be challenging to tease apart the effects of the environment from those of genetics. For example, if a person's level of intelligence is similar to that of their parents, is that similarity due to genetic factors passed down from parent to child, to shared environmental factors, or (most likely) to a combination of both? It is clear that both environmental and genetic factors play a part in determining intelligence.

Scientific journal articles for further reading

Plomin R, Deary IJ. Genetics and intelligence differences: five special findings. Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;20(1):98-108. doi: 10.1038/mp.2014.105. Epub 2014 Sep 16. Review. PubMed: 25224258. Free full-text available from PubMed Central: PMC4270739. Plomin R, von Stumm S. The new genetics of intelligence. Nat Rev Genet. 2018 Mar;19(3):148-159. doi: 10.1038/nrg.2017.104. Epub 2018 Jan 8. PubMed: 29335645. Free full-text available from PubMed Central: PMC5985927. Sniekers S, Stringer S, Watanabe K, Jansen PR, Coleman JRI, Krapohl E, Taskesen E, Hammerschlag AR, Okbay A, Zabaneh D, Amin N, Breen G, Cesarini D, Chabris CF, Iacono WG, Ikram MA, Johannesson M, Koellinger P, Lee JJ, Magnusson PKE, McGue M, Miller MB, Ollier WER, Payton A, Pendleton N, Plomin R, Rietveld CA, Tiemeier H, van Duijn CM, Posthuma D. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 78,308 individuals identifies new loci and genes influencing human intelligence. Nat Genet. 2017 Jul;49(7):1107-1112. doi: 10.1038/ng.3869. Epub 2017 May 22. Erratum in: Nat Genet. 2017 Sep 27;49(10 ):1558. PubMed: 28530673. Free full-text available from PubMed Central: PMC5665562 Sternberg RJ. Intelligence. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2012 Mar;14(1):19-27. Review. PubMed: 22577301. Free full-text available from PubMed Central: PMC3341646

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Which country has more female than male?

List of countries male and female population. Out of 201 countries/regions estimated by United Nations, females outnumber males in 125 countries/regions. In absolute terms, Russian Federation has 10.6 mn more females than males, followed by Brazil (3.79 mn), the United States of America (3.46 mn), and Ukraine (3.18 mn) ...

Out of 201 countries/regions estimated by United Nations, females outnumber males in 125 countries/regions. In absolute terms, Russian Federation has 10.6 mn more females than males, followed by Brazil (3.79 mn), the United States of America (3.46 mn), and Ukraine (3.18 mn). There are 14 countries where the female population is more than the male population by over one mn. On the other hand, males outnumber females in 76 countries/territories. India has 54.54 mn more males, followed by China, having 36.83 cr more males than females. In 12 countries, the male population exceeds the female population by over one mn. The United Arab Emirates is the highest gainer in male ranking as its rank is up by 38 from 113th in female to 75th in male ranking. Oman (+25), Qatar (+22), Kuwait(+14), Saudi Arabia (+13), Maldives (+12), and Bahrain (+10) are other noticeable gainers. The female rank of El Salvador and Portugal are up by seven positions compare to the male rank, followed by Nepal (-6). Among the top ten populous countries, 6th ranker Brazil is at 7th position and 7th ranker Nigeria is at 6th position in the male list.

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